1. Beas River(Ancient Name Vipash):
The Beas River is one
of the five rivers that give Punjab its name (Punjab translates to "Land
of Five Rivers"). It originates in the Himalayas in
Himachal Pradesh from Beas Kund in Kullu Hills near the Rohtang Pass at
an alttude of 4000m above the sea level. The river flows
through the Kullu Valley and then cuts through Dhauladhar
range in a deep gorge near Kati and Largi. Further down,
it flows through kangra valley and then enters Punjab Plain
through Hoshiarpur district near Talawara, where
many choes and khads join river Beas. Near Mirthal, the river is
joined by the Chakki stream. It Finally passes through Kapurthala
and Amritsar and joins the Sutluj near Harike In Taran Taran district after
flowing for a total distance of 460 kms and the shortest
river of Punjab.
· Left side tributaries
: Suketri & Parbati(Famous Manikaran Gurdwara is
situated on this river)
· Right side
tributaries: Uhl, Lambadug, Gaj and Chakki
· Important town
situated on the bank in Himachal Pradesh: Manali, Nagar, Kullu, Mandi.
· Important town
situated on the bank in Punjab: Harike.
· Pong Dam(also known
as Maharana Pratap Sagar) has been constructed(1975) across the beas
River, a few kilometers above Talwara town.
· Kandi Canal and
Mukerian Hydel channel have been taken off from the Beas River near Talwara.
2. Sutlej River(Ancient Name Sutudri):
The Sutlej River is
another one of the five rivers of Punjab. It originates in the Rakas
Lake near Mansarover at an altitude of 4,555m in Tibet where
it is known as Langchen Khambab and enters India near
the Shipki La Pass in Himachal Pradesh.
Flowing through
Himachal Pradesh, it cuts across the Naina Devi range of the
hills at Bhakra where the world’s 2nd largest dam (Bhakhra
Nangal Dam 1963) has been built. After gushing through Bhakra gorge,
it enters Punjab Plains near Nangal in Ropar district. About
160 kms down-stream from Ropar, the River Beas joins the Sutluj at
Harike in Taran Taran district. From here it follows the
south-westerly course to meet joint course of the Ravi, Chenab, and
Jhelum(Trimab- three Rivers). This meeting point of the combined Satluj-Beas
& Trimab(Ravi, Chenab & Jhelum) is called Panjnad(Five
Rivers).
It is an antecedent
river and mark the international boundary between India and Pakistan from
near Ferozpur to Fazilka after flowing for a total
distance of 1450 kms( the longest river of Punjab). It roughly divides
Punjab into two parts, Northern and Southern. It is a very important river as
it feeds the canal system of Bhakra-Nangal project.
- Towns
situated on the bank in Himachal Pradesh: Bilaspur, Rampur, Kumharasin,
Taranda, Kalpa and Namgaya.
- Towns
situated on the bank in Punjab: Ropar, Phillaur, Harike, Ferozpur.
3.
Ravi River(Ancient Name Parushani):
The Ravi River originates from the west of the Rohtang Pass in Kullu hills of Himachal Pradesh at an altitude of 4100 meters. It drains the western slope of Pir-Panjal Range and the northern slope of Dhauladhar Range. It flows through the Chemba valley of Himachal Pradesh and enter Punjab at Chaundh village on Chamba border.
Then it flows towards south-west and runs along the Ind-Pak boundary, along Pathankot, Gurdaspur and Amritsar districts, before entering Pakistan. It joins the Chenab River (actually combined Jhelum & Chenab River) a little above Rangpur near Sarai Sidhu in Pakistan. The place where the Ravi River joins the combined Jhelum-Chenab course is known as Trimbab. The Ravi River holds historical
significance as it was one of the rivers associated with the Indus Valley
Civilization.
- Tributaries of the Ravi River: Ujh, Jalalia Nadi & Sakki Kiran Nala.
- Headworks of the Upper Bari Doab Canal System is located at Madhopur(pathankot).
- Thein Dam(Ranjit Sagar Dam) has been constructed uostream of Madhopur.
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